About the amorphous material properties

Amorphous material properties as a kind of special structure of rigid solids, the strength of the metallic glass has high than general metal ( Such as amorphous Fe80B20, fracture strength sigma F up to 37 KGF/mm, for the general structural steel more than seven times) ; The effects of the size and strength is very small. It also is better than general metal, elastic bending deformation can reach more than 50%. Hardness and toughness is also high, Vickers hardness HV is in commonly 1000 ~ 2000) 。 Low chromium iron fund glass ( Such as Fe27Cr8P13C7) Corrosion resistance than stainless steel as well. Because the atomic arrangement of long-range disorder, phonon contribution to the conduction electron scattering is very small, the resistivity is very high, at room temperature is in commonly 100 mu Ω cm or more, the temperature coefficient of resistivity is small ( Lower than plus or minus 10 k) ; Has the very high residual resistance at 0 k. In some amorphous alloy ( Such as PdSiCr) , the resistance in the resistance temperature curve T = Tm when there is a minimum, when T< Tm, resistance decrease with temperature rises, is similar to the kondo effect diluted and amorphous alloy, its mechanism is unclear. Have been reported of amorphous quench superconducting alloys have 15 kinds, the superconducting transition temperature of 1. 5 ~ 8. 71 k, is lower than the crystalline state superconductors, its characteristic is stabilized ability than crystalline state. With transition metals ( Iron, cobalt, nickel) For metal glass substrate with excellent soft magnetic properties ( See magnetic materials) , high permeability and low ac loss, is far superior to the commercial silicon steel sheet could be compared and permalloy, such as ( Fe4Co96) ( P16B6Al3) Amorphous alloy coercive force Hc material 0. 13 oe, remanence Br material 4500 g, likely are widely used in high and low frequency transformer ( Instead of silicon steel sheet and permalloy) , magnetic sensors, magnetic head, magnetic shielding materials. Common glass is a solid? You will say, of course, is a solid. In fact, it is not in the solid state ( And amorphous) 。 For this, you will be strange. This is because the glass and crystal have different properties and internal structure. You can do an experiment, put the glass on the fire heating, with the temperature rising, it become soft, first and then slowly melting. That is to say, without a fixed melting glass. In addition, the physical properties of it & quot; Isotropic & quot; 。 These are different from crystal. Through research, glass internal structure without & quot; Space lattice & quot; Characteristics, and is similar to the structure of the liquid. Only & quot; Class zone & quot; Each other can't move, resulting in glass no liquidity. We call this state & quot; Amorphous & quot; 。 Strictly speaking, & quot; Amorphous solid & quot; Because do not belong to solid, solid specifically to crystal; It can be seen as a highly viscous liquid. Therefore, & quot; Amorphous & quot; Can be used as another kind of state. In addition to the common glass, & quot; Amorphous & quot; Solid, also a lot of common with rubber, paraffin wax, natural resin, asphalt and polymer plastic, etc. Folding editing this section material types, many different kinds of amorphous materials, silica, SiO2) , as well as silica and Al, Na, Mg, Ca, etc element oxide mixture composition of the oldest, the most important inorganic glass, some Ⅴ A minus Ⅵ A and Ⅶ A mixture of also relatively easy to get the glassy state ( Such as chalcogenide glass) 。 In addition to the traditional glass and recent rapid development of metal glass, also includes high amorphous semiconductor, amorphous polymers, amorphous dielectric, amorphous ionic conductors, etc. In recent 20 years, due to the excellent physical and chemical properties of amorphous materials and a wide range of application, make it got rapid development, become a important new type of solid materials.
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